Physiological effects of physical training

Respiratory system

Circulatory system

- Lung volume increases as a result of increase in vital capacity.

- Breathing frequency is decreased in trained individuals.

- Maximum minute ventilation is increased after training.

- Tidal volume is also increased.

- Physical exercises enhance ventilatory efficiency.

- Diffusion capacity (gases exchange capacity) is increased.

- Internal size of the left ventricle increases.

- The contraction ability or strength of the heart increases.

- Resting heart rate decreases considerably.

- Maximum heart rate, either remains unchanged or decreases slightly.

- The heart rate recovery period decreases.

- Blood volume increases as a result of increase in plasma volume and RBC counts.

- Blood viscosity (thickness) decreases resulting good circulation and oxygen availability.

- Blood flow to muscles increases due to more blood volume, effective blood redistribution and increased capillarization.

- Reduction in resting blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic).