Study

Study design and sample size

Patient population*

Endpoints analyzed

Outcome

Sharda, et al.

Meta-analysis and systematic review

Total studies: 14

- 3 RCTs and 11 retrospective studies

N = 1732 patients

(pooled analysis was done with 1477 and 1203 patients studies when analyzing the risk of hypotension and bradycardia, respectively)

Patients ≥ 18 years old with AF with RVR**

· Achievement of rate control target

· Risk of hypotension with diltiazem compared to metoprolol

· Risk of bradycardia with diltiazem compared to metoprolol

Diltiazem was associated with increased achievement of reaching the rate control target without a significantly increased risk of hypotension and bradycardia.

Lan, et al.

Meta-analysis

Total studies: 17

- 9 RCTs and 8 cohort studies

N = 1214 patients

Patients ≥ 18 years old with AF with RVR and a ventricular rate ≥ 120 bpm

· Ventricular rate reduction

· Average onset of action time

· Rate of adverse events with diltiazem compared to metoprolol

Diltiazem was associated with a greater decrease in ventricular rate and shorter onset of action time. There was no association with increased risk of adverse events compared to metoprolol.

Jafri, et al.

Meta-analysis and systematic review

Total studies: 3

- 3 RCTs

N = 140 patients

Patients ≥ 18 years old with AF with RVR**.

Patients with hypotension were excluded.

· MD in ventricular rate reduction at 5 minutes

· MD in ventricular rate reduction at 10 minutes

· MD in ventricular rate reduction at 15 minutes

Treatment with diltiazem resulted in greater MD if ventricular rate at 5, 10 and 15 minutes, although not statistically significant.