Study | Study design and sample size | Patient population* | Endpoints analyzed | Outcome |
Sharda, et al. | Meta-analysis and systematic review
Total studies: 14 - 3 RCTs and 11 retrospective studies
N = 1732 patients (pooled analysis was done with 1477 and 1203 patients studies when analyzing the risk of hypotension and bradycardia, respectively) | Patients ≥ 18 years old with AF with RVR** | · Achievement of rate control target · Risk of hypotension with diltiazem compared to metoprolol · Risk of bradycardia with diltiazem compared to metoprolol | Diltiazem was associated with increased achievement of reaching the rate control target without a significantly increased risk of hypotension and bradycardia. |
Lan, et al. | Meta-analysis
Total studies: 17 - 9 RCTs and 8 cohort studies
N = 1214 patients | Patients ≥ 18 years old with AF with RVR and a ventricular rate ≥ 120 bpm | · Ventricular rate reduction · Average onset of action time · Rate of adverse events with diltiazem compared to metoprolol | Diltiazem was associated with a greater decrease in ventricular rate and shorter onset of action time. There was no association with increased risk of adverse events compared to metoprolol. |
Jafri, et al. | Meta-analysis and systematic review
Total studies: 3 - 3 RCTs
N = 140 patients | Patients ≥ 18 years old with AF with RVR**. Patients with hypotension were excluded. | · MD in ventricular rate reduction at 5 minutes · MD in ventricular rate reduction at 10 minutes · MD in ventricular rate reduction at 15 minutes | Treatment with diltiazem resulted in greater MD if ventricular rate at 5, 10 and 15 minutes, although not statistically significant. |