Parameters

Endurance athletes

Resistance athletes

Non-athletes

Tricuspid flow

E wave (m/s)

0.54 ± 0.07

0.60 ± 0.12

0.57 ± 0.14

A wave (m/s)

0.33 ± 0.05

0.31 ± 0.03

0 .31 ± 0.07

Ratio E/A

1.67 ± 0.30

2.03 ± 0.54

1.82 ± 0.33

A’ wave (cm/s)

11.5 ± 3.56

14 ± 4.64

10.75 ± 3.33

E’ wave (cm/s)

13.57 ± 2.92

14.1 ± 4.30

14 ± 3.53

Ratio E/E’

4.33 ± 1.30

4.471 ± 1.05

4.03 ± 1.09

Deceleration time (ms)

250.92 ± 40.39

242.1 ± 68.40

254.6 ± 76.93

Isovolumic relaxation time (ms)

92.60 ± 43.53

102.5 ± 25.31

70.25 ± 27.24

Inferior vena cava

IVC expiration (mm)

23.48 ± 3.19

23.1 ± 4.86

20.55 ± 3.21

Index of distension IVC (%)

56.29 ± 13.94

59.66 ± 8.16

53.65 ± 19.52

Pulmonary pressure

Gradient RA-RV (mm Hg)

23.18 ± 3.84

25.9 ± 5.21

17.76 ± 7.26

PASP (mm Hg)

29.79 ± 5.14

35.6 ± 3.34

24.46 ± 9.92

Supra-hepatic veinous flow

S wave (m/s)

0.49 ± 0.13

0.52 ± 0.19

0.46 ± 0.15

D wave (m/s)

0.39 ± 0.14

0.41 ± 0.10

0.37 ± 0.10

A wave (m/s)

0.36 ± 0.19

0.33 ± 0.10

0.30 ± 0.07

Ratio S/D

1.32 ± 0.34

1.40 ± 0.49

1.25 ± 0.31

Systolic fraction (%)

61.87 ± 7.71

57.83 ± 10.95

57.85 ± 8.93