Fault location

Fault initial angle (˚)

circuit

The data of reactive power

Identification result

$Q_1\left(\text{kvar}\right)$

${\lambda }_M$

$Q_3\left(\text{kvar}\right)$

${\lambda }_N$

${\rho }_{{\rm I}}$

$Q_2\left(\text{kvar}\right)$

$Q_4\left(\text{kvar}\right)$

${\rho }_{{\rm I}{\rm I}}$

IB short circuit grounding occurs at a distance of 100 km from bus N; transitional resistance is 100 Ω

5

I circuit

2.3130

6.1383e+03

3.5310

6.8516e+03

Internal fault

II circuit

3.7678e−04

5.1538e−04

Internal fault

15

I circuit

7.2890

7.1642e+03

1.0309e+01

7.6187e+03

Internal fault

II circuit

1.0175e−03

1.3531e−03

Internal fault

45

I circuit

3.2971e+01

6.0546e+02

8.1263e+01

9.9396e+02

Internal fault

II circuit

5.4455e−02

8.1756e−02

Internal fault

90

I circuit

4.8094e+01

6.0523e+02

1.1858e+02

9.9373e+02

Internal fault

II circuit

7.9464e−02

1.1933e−01

Internal fault

120

I circuit

5.9774e+01

1.3467e+03

4.4028e+01

7.6884e+02

Internal fault

II circuit

4.4387e−02

5.7266e−02

Internal fault

IABC and IIBC short circuit occurs at a distance of 200 km from bus N

5

I circuit

4.1562e+02

1.0000

7.6294e+02

1.0000

1.8357

Internal fault

II circuit

4.1562e+02

7.6294e+02

1.8357

Internal fault

15

I circuit

6.8018e+02

1.0000

3.4090e+02

1.0000

1.9953

Internal fault

II circuit

6.8018e+02

3.4090e+02

1.9953

Internal fault

45

I circuit

5.0482e+02

1.0000

2.0542e+02

1.0000

2.4575

Internal fault

II circuit

5.0482e+02

2.0542e+02

2.4575

Internal fault

90

I circuit

7.1952e+01

1.0000

2.9354e+01

1.0000

2.4512

Internal fault

II circuit

7.1952e+01

2.9354e+01

2.4512

Internal fault

120

I circuit

4.5798e+02

1.0000

6.2128e+02

1.0000

1.3566

Internal fault

II circuit

4.5798e+02

6.2128e+02

1.3566

Internal fault