| 43. | | 31 German DS (CA: 4.6 - 19.0 years)/27 German DS (CA: 20.8 - 40.3 years) | Reasoning Scale of the Snijders-Omen Nonverbal Intelligence Test (SON-R 2.5 - 7) TROG-D Repetition subtest of the SETK 3 - 5 Number recall subtest of the K-ABC | The development of receptive syntactic skills comes to an end in the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Difficulties increased with sentence length and grammatical complexity, but were also apparent in simple sentences. More grammatical than lexical errors. No difference in comprehension of nouns, verbs and adjectives. The comprehension of sentences in perfect tense more error-prone than the comprehension of noun plural morphology. Difficulties in comprehension of function words, disjunctive conjunction, personal pronouns, subordination and coordination, the interpretation of subject relative clauses, passive voice, topicalization and relative clauses with pronouns in accusative or dative case. |
| 44. | | 12 Italian DS (CA: 40.13 - 64.17 months, DA: 24.09 - 37.00 months)/12 TD (CA: 29.27 - 31.08 months, DA: 17.29 - 20.14 months) | Italian version of the MacArthur CDI (Il Primo Vocabolario del Bambino (PVB) Brunet-Lezine Psychomotor Development Scale 20’ spontaneous verbal production | DS: simpler vocabulary composition than TDC at the same lexical size. Although no significant differences in the proportion of common nouns and verbs-adjectives, DS produced a significantly higher proportion of simple terms, as routines-people, and a significantly lower proportion of adverbs-function words. DS did not produce all the kinds of transitional forms, but only forms with a lower level of complexity, such as formulas and dummy element productions. Although, they were able to use word combinations, they produced a low number of morphologically complete sentence (only non-finite clauses), and they had greater difficulties in expressing sentences in a grammatically correct form. Subject-Verb-Indirect Object and Subject-Verb-Direct Object were the most frequent multi-argument structures for both groups. |