0 U-toe

1 U-toe

Over 2 U-toes

χ2 test

χ2

p

Boys

Barefoot group

n

148

69

82

19.0

0.00*

(n = 299)

Ratio (%)

49.5

23.1

27.4

Non-barefoot group

(n = 286)

n

96

67

123

Ratio (%)

33.6

23.4

43.0

Girls

Barefoot group

n

115

62

76

1.31

0.52

(n = 253)

Ratio (%)

45.5

24.5

30.0

Non-barefoot group

(n = 252)

n

102

69

81

Ratio (%)

40.5

27.4

32.1