4-year

4.5-year

5-year

5.5-year

6-year

6.5-year

Total

Two-way ANOVA (group × age)

Tukey’s HSD

F

p

Boys

Age

Barefoot group

Mean

4.2

4.7

5.2

5.7

6.2

6.7

5.4

Group

0.08

0.78

4 < 4.5 < 5 < 5.5 < 6 < 6.5

(years)

(n = 299)

S.D.

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.9

Age

4065.30

0.00*

Interaction

0.36

0.88

Non-barefoot group

Mean

4.2

4.7

5.2

5.7

6.2

6.7

5.5

(n = 286)

S.D.

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.9

Height

Barefoot group

Mean

100.1

103.4

106.8

109.7

113.7

116.2

108.0

Group

2.51

0.11

4 < 4.5 < 5 < 5.5 < 6 < 6.5

(cm)

(n = 299)

S.D.

3.5

3.7

4.2

4.0

4.6

4.0

6.9

Age

201.17

0.00*

Interaction

0.36

0.88

Non-barefoot group

Mean

99.7

103.0

106.6

108.3

112.8

116.2

108.2

(n = 286)

S.D.

4.0

4.1

4.7

4.2

4.7

4.0

7.0

Body weight

Barefoot group

Mean

16.0

16.1

17.4

17.9

20.2

20.6

18.0

Group

6.81

0.01*

Barefoot < non-barefoot

(kg)

(n = 299)

S.D.

1.9

1.7

1.9

1.7

3.2

2.1

2.8

Age

77.43

0.00*

4 < 4.5 < 5 < 5.5 < 6 < 6.5

Interaction

0.59

0.71

Non-barefoot group

Mean

16.1

17.1

18.0

18.4

20.3

21.1

18.6

(n = 286)

S.D.

1.6

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.4

2.4

2.7

Girls

Age

Barefoot group

Mean

4.2

4.7

5.2

5.7

6.2

6.7

5.4

Group

3.63

0.06

4 < 4.5 < 5 < 5.5 < 6 < 6.5

(years)

(n = 253)

S.D.

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.9

Age

3474.83

0.00*

Interaction

0.59

0.70

Non-barefoot group

Mean

4.2

4.7

5.2

5.7

6.2

6.7

5.4

(n = 252)

S.D.

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.8

Height

Barefoot group

Mean

99.0

102.9

106.2

109.9

113.4

116.0

107.1

Group

1.47

0.23

4 < 4.5 < 5 < 5.5 < 6 < 6.5

(cm)

(n = 253)

S.D.

3.9

4.8

4.1

4.0

4.7

5.1

7.3

Age

172.96

0.00*

Interaction

0.90

0.48

Non-barefoot group

Mean

99.2

103.6

105.3

108.1

112.4

116.0

107.3

(n = 252)

S.D.

4.0

3.9

3.7

4.5

3.5

4.4

6.6

Body weight

Barefoot group

Mean

15.1

16.3

16.9

18.0

19.4

20.2

17.4

Group

14.48

0.00*

Barefoot < non-barefoot

(kg)

(n = 253)

S.D.

1.8

2.2

2.0

1.8

2.5

2.8

2.8

Age

64.72

0.00*

4 < 4.5 < 5 < 5.5 < 6 < 6.5

Interaction

0.67

0.65

Non-barefoot group

Mean

16.0

16.9

17.8

18.3

19.8

21.5

18.3

(n = 252)

S.D.

1.7

1.9

1.6

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.7