| Type of CEO | Agency Costs | Principals’ costs |
| ||
| Conflict costs | Competence costs | Conflict costs | Competence costs | Economic Growth | |
| Ethical | Zero | Almost Zero | Negligible | Zero | High |
| Utility-maximizer | Significant | Modest | Modest | Modest | Modest |
| Unethical | Significant | Significant | Significant | Significant | Negative/poor |