Rhizoma drynariae

Increases expression of ALP, collagen I, osteopontin, and osteocalcin genes

Increases alkaline phosphatase activity

Sharma

Zhang KP

2021

2009

[121]

[120]

Ginkgo biloba

Increases transcriptional levels of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), β-catenin, and cyclin D1

Enhances Runx2, osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) expression and activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Gu. Q,

K. Tao,

2015

2016

[122]

[95]

Salvia miltiorrhiza

Salvia miltiorrhiza extract

TANSHINOL/ Salvionic acid B

Increases expression of alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin, Runx2, and osterix and promotes osteogenesis

Enhancement of osteogenic differentiation markers expression

Angiogenic and osteogenic property in vitro & in vivo

Improvement in bone healing process

Bone-protective ability

Prevention of glucocorticoid-related loss of bone mineral density and enhancement of bone quality

Anti-osteoporotic capability by minimizing the decrease of bone formation

Promotion of osteogenesis by hMSCs without reported cytotoxicity

Enhancement in osteogenic markers expression

Bian Y,

Wu Y,

Ji C

Yang YJ,

Lee DH,

Han J,

Chen G,

Yang Y,

Xu D,

Cui L,

Chin A,

2020

2019

2019

2018

2018

2017

2017

2016

2014

2012

2011

[124]

[125]

[126]

[127]

[128]

[129]

[130]

[131]

[132]

[133]

[123]

Epimedium pubescens (TCM)

Increases activity of ALP and Osteogenic BMP-2

Wang Q,

2013

[134]

Ocimum basilicum

increase the level of Osteonectin and osteocalcin

Mendi AH.

2017

[135]

licorice root

Osteocalcin, Runx2, BMP2, and ALP gene expression upregulate

Azizsoltani A.

2018

[136]

Foeniculum vulgare

17β-Estradiol and ALP activity increase

Mahmoudi Z.

2013

[137]

Thymbra spicata var. intricata

Osteocalcin (OCN) (late osteogenic marker) level increases

Mendi A.

2017

[138]

Cissus quadrangularis (Linn.)

Increases ALP activity

Potu BK

2009

[139]

Propolis

Induction of bone formation

Activation and differentiation of osteoclasts

Enhancement in osteoblastic activity

Increase cellular proliferation and differentiation

Increased bone mineral density

Enhancement in bone production and hyaline cartilage in the defect area

Osteoblastic activity after systemic administration of propolis

Enhancement in calcium and magnesium bone deposition after systematic administration

Significant anti-inflammatory properties

Meimandi-Parizi,

Somsanith N,

Zohery AA,

Altan BA,

Yanagita M

Al-Hariri M.

2018

2018

2018

2013

2011

2011

[141]

[142]

[143]

[144]

[145]

[140]