Rhizoma drynariae | Increases expression of ALP, collagen I, osteopontin, and osteocalcin genes Increases alkaline phosphatase activity | Sharma Zhang KP | 2021 2009 | [121] [120] |
Ginkgo biloba | Increases transcriptional levels of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), β-catenin, and cyclin D1 Enhances Runx2, osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) expression and activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway | Gu. Q, K. Tao, | 2015 2016 | [122] [95] |
Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia miltiorrhiza extract TANSHINOL/ Salvionic acid B | Increases expression of alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin, Runx2, and osterix and promotes osteogenesis Enhancement of osteogenic differentiation markers expression Angiogenic and osteogenic property in vitro & in vivo Improvement in bone healing process Bone-protective ability Prevention of glucocorticoid-related loss of bone mineral density and enhancement of bone quality Anti-osteoporotic capability by minimizing the decrease of bone formation Promotion of osteogenesis by hMSCs without reported cytotoxicity Enhancement in osteogenic markers expression | Bian Y, Wu Y, Ji C Yang YJ, Lee DH, Han J, Chen G, Yang Y, Xu D, Cui L, Chin A, | 2020 2019 2019 2018 2018 2017 2017 2016 2014 2012 2011 | [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] [129] [130] [131] [132] [133] [123] |
Epimedium pubescens (TCM) | Increases activity of ALP and Osteogenic BMP-2 | Wang Q, | 2013 | [134] |
Ocimum basilicum | increase the level of Osteonectin and osteocalcin | Mendi AH. | 2017 | [135] |
licorice root | Osteocalcin, Runx2, BMP2, and ALP gene expression upregulate | Azizsoltani A. | 2018 | [136] |
Foeniculum vulgare | 17β-Estradiol and ALP activity increase | Mahmoudi Z. | 2013 | [137] |
Thymbra spicata var. intricata | Osteocalcin (OCN) (late osteogenic marker) level increases | Mendi A. | 2017 | [138] |
Cissus quadrangularis (Linn.) | Increases ALP activity | Potu BK | 2009 | [139] |
Propolis | Induction of bone formation Activation and differentiation of osteoclasts Enhancement in osteoblastic activity Increase cellular proliferation and differentiation Increased bone mineral density Enhancement in bone production and hyaline cartilage in the defect area Osteoblastic activity after systemic administration of propolis Enhancement in calcium and magnesium bone deposition after systematic administration Significant anti-inflammatory properties | Meimandi-Parizi, Somsanith N, Zohery AA, Altan BA, Yanagita M Al-Hariri M. | 2018 2018 2018 2013 2011 2011 | [141] [142] [143] [144] [145] [140] |