N

Mean

SD

Sig

pretest

posttest

pretest

posttest

pretest

posttest

pretest

posttest

1) Motivation

male

28

32

3.50

3.36

0.77

0.81

0.802

0.239

female

475

457

3.53

3.49

0.62

0.55

total

503

489

3.53

3.48

0.63

0.57

2) Instrumental

Orientation

male

29

32

3.66

3.43

0.73

0.75

0.764

0.078

female

479

457

3.70

3.61

0.63

0.54

total

508

489

3.69

3.60

0.63

0.56

3) Integrative Orientation

male

29

32

3.43

3.30

0.91

0.90

0.638

0.581

female

480

458

3.37

3.37

0.70

0.63

total

509

490

3.37

3.36

0.71

0.65

4) Motivational Intensity

male

30

32

2.31

2.30

0.37

0.46

0.019

0.106

female

484

458

2.15

2.19

0.36

0.38

total

514

490

2.15

2.20

0.36

0.39

5) Attitude

male

30

32

3.62

3.27

0.68

0.70

0.211

0.109

female

483

455

3.48

3.43

0.55

0.50

total

513

487

3.49

3.42

0.56

0.52

6) Strategy

male

30

31

3.34

3.15

0.92

0.79

0.031

0.891

female

465

445

3.08

3.16

0.60

0.54

total

495

476

3.10

3.16

0.62

0.52

7) Anxiety

male

29

32

2.95

3.13

0.66

0.54

0.083

0.882

female

475

444

3.12

3.14

0.50

0.44

total

504

476

3.11

3.14

0.51

0.44

8) English levels

male

30

32

1.80

1.87

0.99

1.07

0.043

0.005

female

480

458

1.50

1.47

0.76

0.75

total

510

490

1.51

1.50

0.78

0.78