TDV-positive at pregnancy (n = 327)

TDV-negative at pregnancy (n = 108)

p value

Age*

29 (17 - 46)

29.5 (16 - 43)

0.751

BMI*

24.6 (16 - 43)

25.5 (15 - 45)

0.475

BMI**

<25

176 (77.8%)

51 (22.2%)

0.338

25 - 30

91 (75%)

31 (25%)

>30

60 (69.8%)

26 (30.2%)

Place of residence**

Urban

152 (82.2%)

33 (17.8%)

0.004

Rural

175 (70%)

75 (30%)

Nulliparae**

161 (82.1%)

35 (17.9%)

0.002

Multiparae **

166 (69.5%)

73 (30.5%)

Smokers**

36 (73.5%)

13 (26.5%)

0.907

Nonsmokers**

291 (75.4%)

95 (24.6%)