Sample (N = 305)

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

No (n = 269)

Yes (n = 36)

Personal medical history (n = 81)

Diabetes

4 (4.9%)

4 (6.1%)

-

Hypertension

14 (17.3%)

8 (12.1%)

6 (16.7%)

Asthma

6 (7.4%)

5 (7.6%)

1 (2.8%)

Gastric ulcer

15 (18.5%)

14 (21.2%)

1 (2.8%)

Cerebrovascular accident

1 (1.2%)

1 (1.5%)

-

Sexually transmitted infection

4 (4.9%)

3 (4.5%)

1 (2.8%)

Viral hepatitis

5 (6.2%)

3 (4.5%)

2 (5.6%)

Other

32 (39.5%)

28 (42.4%)

4 (11.1%)

Personal history of surgery

No

281 (92.1%)

250 (92.9%)

31 (86.1%)

Yes

24 (7.9%)

19 (7.1%)

5 (13.9%)

Type of psychoactive substance abused (n = 96)

Alcohol

51 (53.1%)

39 (53.4%)

12 (52.2%)

Local tobacco

30 (31.3%)

23 (31.5%)

7 (30.4%)

Cannabis

2 (2.1%)

2 (2.7%)

-

Tramadol

4 (4.2%)

2 (2.7%)

2 (8.7%)

Marijuana

2 (2.1%)

1 (1.4%)

1 (4.3%)

Other (medication, cigarettes)

7 (7.3%)

6 (8.2%)

1 (2.8%)

Personal psychiatric history (n = 9)

Visual hallucination

1 (11.1%)

1 (14.3%)

-

Documented depression

3 (33.3%)

2 (28.6%)

1 (50.0%)

Migraine

3 (33.3%)

3 (42.9%)

-

Documented post-traumatic stress disorder

2 (22.2%)

1 (14.3%)

1 (50.0%)

Type of previous treatment for psychiatric history (n = 12)

Western medicine

9 (75.0%)

7 (87.5%)

2 (50.0%)

African medicine

1 (8.3%)

-

1 (25.0%)

Prayer sessions

2 (16.7%)

1 (12.5%)

1 (25.0%)

History of domestic violence

Violence suffered

27 (18.1%)

22 (18.5%)

5 (16.7%)

Violence inflicted

50 (33.6%)

42 (35.3%)

8 (26.7%)

Violence suffered and inflicted

72 (48.3%)

55 (46.2%)

17 (56.7%)