| OAK (Quercus spp.) | Seedling stands, Coppice stands, Coppice stands converted to high forest/evenaged, unevenaged, irregular stands with old grown standards/clear cuts with standards, shelterwood regeneration (in large areas—removal of 10% - 20% of trees/coppice stems, keep crown closure 0, 8) (rotation period: coppiced stands 25 years, seedling stands 80 - 120 years) | rarely round wood (sawn timber for floor parkets), mainly fuelwood, animal feeding (leaves/accorns), mushrrom production, | soil protection, water balance, wild life, biodiverity enhancement | overgrazing, oak decline, defoliating insects, roor-rot fungi, climate change | control grazing, in situ conservation (endemic species—Q. euboica, inter/intra population diversity, natural hybridization), maintain viable population sizes in remnant populations (e.g. Q. inhaburensis), enhance mixture (e.g. oak, fir, pine) to face climate change | control grazing, in situ conservation (inter/intra population diversity), maintain viable population sizes in remnant/old age populations, enhance mixture eto face climate change |
| MAPLE (Acer spp.) | Seedling stands/ evenaged, unevenaged stands/shelterwood in groups, rotation period 60 - 100 years (mostly out of management) | round wood (sawn timber) | soil protection, wild life protection, biodiversity enhancement, | overgrazing, illegal cuttings, climate change | Forest inventory/mapping, legal actions/measures, in situ conservation (e.g. threatened species/populations), maintain genetic diversity (inter/intra population diversity, maintain viable population sizes in remnant populations) to face climate change | Conserve/enhancemixture different species—e.g. beech, oak), sanitary actions, maintain genetic diversity (inter/intra population diversity, maintain viable population sizes in isolated/remnant populations) |
| RIVERINE/WETLANDFORESTS (Platanus orientalis, Populus alba, P. nigra, Salix spp., Ulmus spp., Fraxinus angustifolia) | Seedling stands or coppiced stands /mainly natural regeneration(by seed or sprouts) (mostly out of management) (rotation period 50 - 100 years) | round wood (sawn timber), poles, plywood, wood boards, paper pulp, cellulose/fibers, energy wood, bio-compost, honey production, agroforestry use | soil protection, phyto- remediation, wild life protection, biodiversity enhancement, landscape enhancement | deforestation, illegal cuttings, insects (defoliators), pathogens (root-rot/wood rot fungi), water table changes, climate change | Forest inventory/mapping, legal actions/measures, in situ conservation (e.g. threatened species/populations), maintain genetic diversity (inter/intra population diversity, maintain viable population sizes in remnant populations) to face climate change | Conserve/enhancemixture different species), sanitary actions, extend carbon storage, maintain genetic diversity (inter/intra population diversity, maintain viable population sizes in remnant populations) |
| PLANTATIONS (hybrid poplars, native poplars/willows, ash, paulownia, eucalypts) | replanting or coppicing/evenaged, unevenaged stands/rotation period 10 - 30 years | round wood (sawn timber), poles, plywood, wood boards, paper pulp, cellulose/fibers, energy wood, bio-compost, honey production, agroforestry use | soil protection, phyto- remediation, wild life protection, biodiversity enhancement, landscape enhancement | grazing, insects (defoliators, bark beetles, wood borers)pathogens (root-rot, rust fungi, wood rot fungi), climate change | control grazing (at least the first 10 years), ex situ conservation (e.g. selected genotypes/clones, threatened populations/provenances), enhance mixture (e.g. different provenances, different clones) to face climate change | enhance mixture (use different provenances/ clones), sanitary actions, extend carbon storage |