Lifestyle

n (%)

Progressive motility (PR, %)

Total motility (PR + NP, %)

Mean ± SD

t/F

P

Mean ± SD

t/F

P

Sperm motility (PR, PR + NP)

349 (100.0)

41.6 ± 20.1

63.4 ± 21.4

Smoking (piece/day)^a

Never

158 (45.3)

40.5 ± 20.9

0.576

0.563

62.0 ± 22.0

0.745

0.475

<20

79 (22.6)

43.4 ± 19.1

65.6 ± 20.9

≥20

112 (32.1)

42.0 ± 19.8

63.8 ± 21.1

Alcohol consumption^a

Never

91 (26.1)

38.7 ± 20.7

1.131

0.336

60.0 ± 21.8

1.159

0.325

Rice wine

159 (45.6)

43.3 ± 20.5

65.2 ± 22.1

Red wine

26 (7.4)

43.7 ± 17.7

64.3 ± 18.1

Beer

73 (20.9)

41.0 ± 19.1

63.3 ± 20.6

Tea consumption (g/week)^b

<50

269 (77.1)

42.1 ± 20.4

0.755

0.451

63.5 ± 21.8

0.184

0.854

≥50

80 (22.9)

40.2 ± 19.2

63.0 ± 20.1

Coffee drinking^b

No

345 (98.9)

41.8 ± 20.0

1.173

0.241

63.4 ± 21.4

0.282

0.778

Yes

4 (1.1)

29.9 ± 26.0

60.4 ± 26.7

Cola drinking^b

No

325 (93.1)

40.9 ± 19.9

−2.463

0.014*

62.7 ± 21.3

−2.160

0.031*

Yes

24 (6.9)

51.3 ± 20.1

72.5 ± 21.2

Using microwave oven^b

No

223 (63.9)

39.7 ± 20.3

−2.366

0.019*

61.4 ± 21.8

−2.260

0.024*

Yes

126 (36.1)

45.0 ± 19.3

66.8 ± 20.4

Using plastic bags for meat food storage^b

No

272 (77.9)

42.9 ± 20.3

2.262

0.024*

64.9 ± 21.3

2.479

0.014*

Yes

77 (22.1)

37.1 ± 18.8

58.1 ± 21.1

Fruit intake (times/week)^a

0 - 2

123 (35.2)

43.5 ± 20.1

0.928

0.396

64.4 ± 20.5

0.544

0.581

3 - 5

73 (20.9)

39.8 ± 17.9

61.4 ± 19.1

≥6

153 (43.8)

41.0 ± 21.1

63.5 ± 23.2

Celery intake^b

No

278 (79.7)

40.5 ± 20.3

−2.147

0.032*

62.2 ± 21.7

−1.995

0.047*

Yes

71 (20.3)

46.2 ± 18.6

67.9 ± 19.8

Exercise of 20 min^a

Never

54 (15.5)

46.3 ± 20.6

1.336

0.248

67.4 ± 21.4

0.944

0.453

1 - 2 times/month

86 (24.6)

43.9 ± 19.1

65.3 ± 20.1

3 - 4 times/month

30 (8.6)

41.2 ± 17.8

63.8 ± 17.4

1 - 2 times/week

53 (15.2)

38.8 ± 21.1

59.8 ± 23.2

3 - 5 times/week

33 (9.5)

39.1 ± 19.2

61.8 ± 21.8

Everyday

93 (26.6)

39.5 ± 21.0

61.8 ± 22.6

Bicycling of 20 min^b

No

259 (74.2)

41.3 ± 19.9

−0.528

0.597

63.2 ± 21.3

−0.310

0.757

Yes

90 (25.8)

42.6 ± 20.8

64.0 ± 21.9

Sedentary time (h/day)^a

<3

118 (33.8)

45.5 ± 19.5

3.459

0.033*

67.2 ± 20.5

3.110

0.047*

3 - 5

148 (42.4)

39.2 ± 19.4

61.0 ± 21.0

≥5

83 (23.8)

40.6 ± 21.5

62.1 ± 23.1

Sleeping time (h/day)^a

<6

86 (24.6)

43.7 ± 19.5

1.252

0.287

65.8 ± 20.2

1.238

0.291

6 - 8

118 (33.8)

39.4 ± 20.4

61.1 ± 22.3

≥8

145 (41.5)

42.3 ± 20.2

63.8 ± 21.4