Dimensions/criteria | Categories/Indicators | Respondents /response | Headline Analysis |
Social Length of Residence | Less than 1 year 1 - 5 years 6 - 10 11 - 15 years Over 16 year | 4% 6% 0% 22% 68% | New entrants consist of about 10% (less than 5 years) which is an indication of continuous migration thereby putting pressure on existing facilities. However, long term experience of their living landscape is important in developing social capital in the slums |
Reasons for Living there | Work Family/Grew up there Friends Studies | 7% 82% 11% 0% | Many of those who stay there for work purposes are mostly new immigrants with small businesses within the periphery. Social tiers and networks also increase the rate of migration as 3% came based on friendship. |
Membership of associations | Religious associations Social clubs Sports clubs Community associations Trade unions Political parties Welfare groups | 9% 8% 0% 12% 19% 50% 2% | Slum dwellers are able to organise collective social actions through various movements and political agencies in pursuit of rational adaptive responses to conflicts of interest but political fractionalization limits collective actions. Dwellers see provision of welfare as a responsibility of political parties they vote for. Slums are hubs of votes |
Thrust in Authorities | Courts Government agencies Local authorities Traditional authorities | 37% 9% 23% 31% | Many dwellers do not prefer civil organizations for reasons of corruption and bureaucracies undermine the performance of social capital. |
Security of Housing Tenure | Free tenants Renters Self-owned houses | 24% 41% 35% | With an established university in the town, many houses are being renovated to rent out by landlords. Dwellers who are not competitive are priced out of the market |
Literacy | % that can read and write | 27% | The finding confirms the general assertion that many slum dwellers lack formal education and formal skills, especially in Africa. |
Economic Employment | Formally employed Informally employed Unemployed Retired | 15% 52% 31% 2% | The informal sector remains the largest as well as the unemployed reflecting the lack of skills and levels of vulnerability among slum dwellers. |
Income | Average monthly household income | US$102.87. | Income differentials translate into diverse consumption patterns of which there are potentials for savings. |
Consumption | Average monthly household expenditure | US$52.86. | |
Skills | Teaching Technicians Trading Carpentry and joinery Hair dressing Entertainment Catering Urban agriculture Unskilled | 6% 9% 42% 1% 5% 1% 2% 12% 22% | The levels of exposure to risks are reinforced by the lack of skills and seasonality of trading that some undertake. Urban agriculture remains a better alternative to cope with the aridity of the environment. However, the diversity in skills could be a source of dynamic resource to urban prosperity, if enhanced, as well as a source of urban resilience. |
Rent | Average annual rent | GH¢220.00 (US$67) | Over 50% of households spend over 50% of their income on rent which goes contrary to the UN recommendation of 30%. |
Environmental Durability of Houses |
Housing in temporary structures |
21% | 21% of the houses are built with sub-standard materials, such as mud and woods. This is a reflection of the inability of government and the private sector to build for the urban poor. |