Robs (%)a | Hydrated radius (nm)b | before recycling | after 4d of recycling | after 11d of recycling |
pH of RO concentrate | - | 7.40 | 7.14 | 6.90 |
Cl− | 0.332 | 96 | 95 | 95 |
| 0.335 | 86 | 89 | 88 |
| -c | 95 | 97 | 97 |
| 0.379 | 98 | 98 | 99 |
| -c | 77 | 90 | 93 |
Na+ | 0.358 | 95 | 95 | 93 |
K+ | 0.331 | 97 | 95 | 93 |
Mg2+ | 0.428 | 97 | 98 | 98 |
Ca2+ | 0.412 | 96 | 97 | 98 |