Disease

Agent, vector & transmission route

Hydrologic interaction

Prevention

Malaria

Plasmodium parasite, transmitted by mosquito bites

Closely related to presence of stagnant or slow flowing water for breeding sites; affected by irrigation and water storage

Mosquito control measures including reduction of breeding sites and prevention of bites

Dengue

Virus, transmitted by mosquito bites

Stagnant waters preferred breeding sites of mosquitoes

See above

Zika virus

Virus, transmitted by mosquito bites

Stagnant waters preferred breeding sites of mosquitoes

See above

Japanese encephalitis

Virus, transmitted between mosquitoes and pigs and/or water birds

Affected by agricultural production techniques, especially rice production

See above

West Nile virus

Virus, transmitted in a mosquito-bird-mosquito cycle

Stagnant waters preferred breeding sites of mosquitoes

See above

Yellow fever

Virus, transmitted monkey-to-monkey, monkey-to-human or human-to-human by mosquitoes

Stagnant waters preferred breeding sites of mosquitoes

See above

Chikungunya fever

Virus, transmitted by mosquito bites

Stagnant waters preferred breeding sites of mosquitoes

See above

Rift Valley fever

Virus, transmitted between ruminants by bites of mosquitoes

Stagnant waters preferred breeding sites of mosquitoes

See above

Onchocerciasis (river blindness)

Parasitic filarial worm, transmitted between humans by blackfly bites

Blackflies lay eggs in fast moving rivers

See above

Lymphatic filariasis

Parasitic filarial worm, transmitted by mosquito bites

Stagnant and polluted waters are preferred breeding sites

Mosquito control measures, sanitation improvements