Parameters

Range

Permissible limits

Sample number

(% of sample exceeding

permissible limit)

Undesirable

effect

Pre

Post

WHO (1997)

Pre-monsoon

Post-monsoon

Ca²⁺

30 - 260

34 - 267

200

29, 30 (3%)

29, 30, 58 (4%)

Scale formation

Mg²⁺

1.1 - 109

1.9 - 110

150

-

Na⁺

14 - 285

25 - 298

200

13, 16, 20, 24, 69 (7%)

1, 13, 16, 20, 24, 27, 69 (10%)

High blood

pressure

K⁺

1.3 - 109

1.5 - 91

12

1, 7, 14, 24, 28, 38, 45, 51, 58 (13%)

1, 7, 14, 24, 28, 38, 45, 51, 58 (13%)

Bitter taste

220 - 657

248 - 666

600

15, 20, 24, 34, 42, 58 (9%)

15, 20, 24, 34, 42, 47, 58 (10%)

-

Cl⁻

54 - 494

76 - 513

600

-

-

Salty taste

0.2 - 7.3

0.2 - 14

-

-

-

F^-

0.2 - 5

0.2 - 6

1.5

7, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23, 32, 42, 46, 51

(14%)

7, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 32, 42, 45, 46, 51, 52 (21%)

Mottling of tooth, deformation of bones

1.3 - 90

2.2 - 106

50

7, 13, 19, 62, 66 (7%)

7, 13, 19, 62, 66 (7%)

Methaemoglobinaemia

2.2 - 302

3.9 - 316

600

-

-

Laxative effect

TH

140 - 720

144 - 776

500

26, 29, 30, 34, 46, 47, 58, 65 (11%)

15, 26, 29, 30, 34, 46, 47, 58, 65 (13%)

Scale formation

TA

180 - 539

203 - 546

-

-

-

Unpleasant

pH

6.9 - 7.9

7 - 7.9

9.2

-

-

Taste

TDS

258 - 1120

267 - 1281

1,500

-

-

Gastrointestinal irritation