| Cover image name | Wang, et al. method [53] | Our method α = 1, β = 1 | ||
| EC (bits) | PSNR (dB) | EC (bits) | PSNR (dB) | |
| Panel a | ||||
| Lena | 409,752 | 44.15 | 667,947 | 39.26 |
| Peppers | 407,256 | 43.28 | 665,818 | 38.58 |
| Boat | 421,080 | 42.14 | 674,691 | 37.32 |
| Jet | 421,080 | 42.14 | 665,409 | 38.28 |
| Splash | 389,459 | 44.34 | 658,841 | 38.16 |
| Baboon | 457,168 | 40.32 | 699,727 | 35.97 |
| Tiffany | 407,360 | 43.80 | 665,562 | 39.29 |
| Elaine | 408,592 | 44.74 | 669,477 | 39.68 |
| Couple | 412,824 | 43.25 | 675,311 | 37.97 |
| Average | 414,952 | 43.13 | 671,420 | 38.28 |
| Cover image name | Joo, et al. method [54] | Chen method [55] | ||
| EC (bits) | PSNR (dB) | EC (bits) | PSNR (dB) | |
| Panel b | ||||
| Lena | 409,785 | 43.90 | 419,340 | 47.50 |
| Peppers | 407,256 | 43.10 | 436,808 | 47.30 |
| Boat | 421,083 | 41.90 | 429,744 | 47.40 |
| Jet | 409,818 | 43.30 | 426,320 | 47.40 |
| Baboon | 457,169 | 40.20 | 459,792 | 47.10 |
| Elaine | 408,594 | 44.80 | 434,128 | 47.40 |
| Average | 418,951 | 42.87 | 434,355 | 47.35 |