Cover image name

Wang, et al. method [53]

Our method α = 1, β = 1

EC (bits)

PSNR (dB)

EC (bits)

PSNR (dB)

Panel a

Lena

409,752

44.15

667,947

39.26

Peppers

407,256

43.28

665,818

38.58

Boat

421,080

42.14

674,691

37.32

Jet

421,080

42.14

665,409

38.28

Splash

389,459

44.34

658,841

38.16

Baboon

457,168

40.32

699,727

35.97

Tiffany

407,360

43.80

665,562

39.29

Elaine

408,592

44.74

669,477

39.68

Couple

412,824

43.25

675,311

37.97

Average

414,952

43.13

671,420

38.28

Cover image name

Joo, et al. method [54]

Chen method [55]

EC (bits)

PSNR (dB)

EC (bits)

PSNR (dB)

Panel b

Lena

409,785

43.90

419,340

47.50

Peppers

407,256

43.10

436,808

47.30

Boat

421,083

41.90

429,744

47.40

Jet

409,818

43.30

426,320

47.40

Baboon

457,169

40.20

459,792

47.10

Elaine

408,594

44.80

434,128

47.40

Average

418,951

42.87

434,355

47.35