| Variable | Dimensions | Item | Test item | Source | |
| Urban culture | Folk culture | FC1 | Guangzhou has its own unique architectural style | Hou (2014) | |
| FC2 | Guangzhou retains its traditional lifestyle | ||||
| FC3 | Guangzhou has unique local customs | ||||
| FC4 | Guangzhou has a local business culture | ||||
| FC5 | There are many folk arts in Guangzhou | ||||
| Religious culture | RC1 | Guangzhou has a certain number of religious places | |||
| RC2 | There is high traffic in Guangzhou religious places | ||||
| RC3 | There are many religious believers in Guangzhou | ||||
| RC4 | Guangzhou is a gathering place for religious believers everywhere | ||||
| RC5 | There are many stories of religious figures circulating in Guangzhou | ||||
| Historical culture | HC1 | Guangzhou has a long history | |||
| HC2 | There are many old buildings in Guangzhou | ||||
| HC3 | Guangzhou has had major historical events | ||||
| HC4 | Guangzhou has preserved precious cultural relics | ||||
| HC5 | There are many historical celebrities in Guangzhou | ||||
| City brand identity | Popularity | BP1 | Guangzhou is a famous city in China | | |
| BP2 | I can quickly recall major events in Guangzhou | ||||
| BP3 | I know the city characteristics of Guangzhou | ||||
| BP4 | Guangzhou is a city with unique charm | ||||
| Cognition | BC1 | I know the brand identity of Guangzhou City | |||
| BC2 | I can distinguish the brand identity of Guangzhou from other cities | ||||
| BC3 | I think the quality of life in Guangzhou is good | ||||
| BC4 | Whenever I hear or see “the happiest city in China,” I can always think of Guangzhou | ||||
| Reputation | BR1 | Good service quality in public places in Guangzhou | |||
| BR2 | Guangzhou has cultural heritage | ||||
| BR3 | The local people in Guangzhou are of high quality | ||||
| BR4 | Guangzhou has a high level of urban management | ||||
| Loyalty | BL1 | As a local resident, I am willing to live here forever | |||
| BL2 | I would like to extend my stay in Guangzhou because I am satisfied with the city | ||||
| BL3 | I would like to recommend people around me to live, play, work, or study in Guangzhou | ||||
| BL4 | I am willing to come to Guangzhou again | ||||
| Food experience | Sensory experience | SE1 | Guangzhou food makes me feel very cordial | | |
| SE2 | I like Guangzhou food very much | ||||
| SE3 | I have the urge to eat when I see Guangzhou delicious food | ||||
| SE4 | Talking about Guangzhou cuisine can arouse my appetite | ||||
| Affective experience | AE1 | Guangzhou cuisine can bring me spiritual enjoyment | |||
| AE2 | I’m looking forward to tasting Guangzhou cuisine | ||||
| AE3 | Tasting Guangzhou cuisine makes me feel happy | ||||
| AE4 | Tasting Guangzhou food brings me pleasure | ||||
| AE5 | Tasting Guangzhou cuisine makes me feel relaxed | ||||
| Relational experience | RE1 | The diners who tasted Guangzhou delicious food belong to the same category as me | |||
| RE2 | Guangzhou cuisine suits my personality very well | ||||
| RE3 | Guangzhou cuisine is very suitable for my identity | ||||
| RE4 | I am willing to talk about Guangzhou cuisine with other diners who taste it | ||||
| RE5 | Guangzhou cuisine resonates with certain lifestyles | ||||