Retinoid | Dosis | Combination with other drugs | Stage of disease | Outcomes | Adverse event | Reference |
Retinyl palmitate | 300,000 IU |
| Stage I of lung cancer | Improve disease free interval. PFS 46 months | Skin dryness and desquamation | [71] |
| 50,000 IU | IFN-β, 5 FU, Cisplatin | Stage IIB and IV | OS 9.1 months | Cutaneous symptoms. Squamous histology, with a substantial toxicity. | [109] |
Bexarotene | 400 mg/m2/day | Vinorelbine cisplatin | Stage IIB and IV | PFS 4.3 months OS 8.7 months | Hypertriglyceridemia, leukopenia, dermatitis grade 3/4 | [75] |
| 300mg/m2/day |
| Stage I and II | Modify the expression of cyclin D3, EGFR, and Ki-67. |
| [110] |
| 400 mg/m2/day | Paclitaxel carboplatin |
| Plasma concentrations of bexarotene increased by 80% in the presence of paclitaxel-carboplatin | Hypertriglyceridemia hypercholesterolemia and hypothyroidism grade 2/3 | [111] |
| 400 mg/m2 | Carboplatin gemcitabine | Stage IIB and IV | OS 12.7 months | Hypertriglyceridemia | [112] |
| 400 mg/m2/day | Paclitaxel-carboplatin or cisplatin-vinorelbine with atorvastatin or fenofibrate | Stage IIIB and IV | Concentration-time curve | Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia grade 3/4 | [113] |
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) | 150 mg/m2/day | IFN-α |
| OS 8 months | Dermatitis grade I/II hypertriglyceridemia 3/4 | [114] |
| 100 mg/m2/day | Bexarotene, docetaxel capecitabine | Stage IIB and IV | OS 19 months |
| [115] |
|
| Somatostatinmelatonin, vitamin D, bromocriptine, and cyclophosphamide | Stage IIB and IV | OS 12.9 months | Diarrhea, nausea, and drowsiness | [116] |
| 20 mg/m2/day | Paclitaxel cisplatin | Stage IIB and IV | PFS 8.9 months OS 9.6 months | Hypertriglyceridemia | [82] |
13-cis-RA | 1 mg/kg | 9-cis-RAalpha-tocopherol | Former smokers | Reduced bronchial epithelial cell proliferation |
| [117] |
| 1 mg/kg orally on days 1 and 2 | Interferon alpha, paclitaxel | Small cell lung cancer | Median OS 6.2 months PFS 2.0 | Cytopenias, leukopenia, neutropenia fatigue and hypertriglyceridemia grade 3 | [118] |
| 0.5 mg/kg | Interleukin 2 | Solid tumor | OS 13.7 months | Consisting of fever, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, mucositis, and local cutaneous reaction | [119] |
| 50 mg/day | Tocopherol | Adult subjects at high risk for lung cancer |
| Skin toxicities, elevated uric acid, triglycerides, and cholesterol | [120] |