Inclusion

Exclusion

1) Study conducted on herbal medicine, herbal uterotonics or complementary and alternative medicine use in pre/pregnancy, labour, postpartum.

2) Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods and are explicitly primary studies.

3) Must be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

4) Must be explicitly on “herbal medicine”, “herbal uterotonics,” “traditional medicine” use in “pre/pregnancy,” “labour or birth or postpartum”.

5) Must have full text accessible and free to download.

6) All study designs.

1) Not focused on “herbal medicine” or “herbal uterotonics” and “pregnancy, labour/birth, and the postpartum/postnatal”.

2) Literature reviews, case reports, clinical trials, and unpublished works.

3) Documents and articles on herbal medicine or complementary and alternative medicine in general.

4) Commentaries, reviews, quantitative studies, articles in a non-peer reviewed journal, laboratory reports, thesis or dissertations, and reports of activity implementation were excluded.

5) Excluded if the full text was inaccessible.

6) Does not address pre-conception, pregnancy, labour, postpartum components of maternal health.