IHDS I (2004-05)

IHDS II (2011-12)

Prevalence

95% CI

χ²

Prevalence

95% CI

χ²

Behavioral Characteristics

Status of Drinking Alcohol

Never

4.60

4.24

4.95

28.47

27.59

29.35

Not Frequent

2.82

1.39

4.24

3.98

28.06

24.56

31.56

0.35

Frequent

5.48

2.25

8.70

30.43

23.09

37.78

Status of Tobacco Consumption

Never

4.58

4.22

4.94

28.10

27.20

29.00

Not Frequent

3.36

0.87

5.84

0.82

36.93

30.07

43.8.0

9.38**

Frequent

4.33

3.18

5.48

29.90

27.32

32.47

Status of Smoking

Never

4.63

4.27

4.99

28.23

27.38

29.09

Not Frequent

5.08

2.32

7.83

3.65

28.61

23.14

34.08

21.21**

Frequent

3.39

2.32

4.47

45.48

36.35

54.61

Individual Characteristics

Sex

Male

2.60

2.25

2.96

136.46**

18.96

18.00

19.91

538.43**

Female

6.69

6.09

7.29

39.03

37.59

40.46

Level of Education

Illiterate

4.33

3.80

4.85

42.20

40.20

44.21

Primary

4.35

3.66

5.04

32.62**

24.08

22.46

25.70

382.79**

Secondary

4.32

3.72

4.91

22.11

20.97

23.25

Higher Education

9.19

6.88

11.51

30.74

27.60

33.88

Body Mass Index

Less than 18.5

0.29

0.09

0.49

8.28

7.37

9.20

18.5 to 24.9

3.16

2.37

3.95

367.57**

30.67

29.07

32.27

2000**

24.9 & Above

15.4

12.24

18.55

80.62

76.31

84.93

Place of Residence

Rural

3.38

3.03

3.73

106.13**

23.25

22.32

24.17

314.02**

Urban

7.32

6.52

8.12

39.67

37.91

41.43

Household Characteristics

Income Quintile

Lowest Income

3.27

2.56

3.98

24.56

22.65

26.47

Lower Income

2.42

1.82

3.02

19.98

18.37

21.60

Middle Income

3.50

2.82

4.18

131.18**

23.93

22.21

25.66

322.32**

Higher Income

4.40

3.68

5.11

29.94

28.05

31.82

Highest Income

7.88

6.97

8.79

41.76

39.59

43.93