Parameter

Symbol

Value

ICE only

Transmission ratios [1] [2] [3]

$N_T$

[5.8, 2.5, 0.98]

Transmission inertia (kg m²) [1] [2] [3]

$I_T$

[0.14, 0.1, 0.08]

Final drive ratio

$N_{fd}$

13

Final drive inertia (kg m²)

$I_{Fd}$

0.2

Final drive efficiency

${\eta }_{fd}$

0.98

Driveshaft inertia (kg m²)

$I_{Fd}$

0.17

ICE inertia (kg m²)

$I_{ICE}$

0.08

ICE and HEV shared

Vehicle mass (kg)

$M_{Veh}$

16,000

Coefficient of drag

$C_D$

0.8

Frontal area (m²)

$A_f$

6.8

Wheel radius (m)

R

0.575

Coefficient of rolling resistance (%)

$f_r$

2

Max brake force (N)

$F_{B-\max }$

800

Air density (kg m⁻³)

${\rho }_{air}$

1.22

Wheel inertia (kg m²)

$I_{Wh}$

2.4