| Causes of cost overrun | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 | Factor 5 | Factor 6 | Factor 7 |
| Projects design changes | 0.898 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Difficulties and feasibility that design does not consider construction | 0.885 |
| 0.121 |
|
|
|
|
| Complex local geological conditions | 0.785 | −0.173 |
| 0.141 |
|
| 0.198 |
| Discrepancies between design and technical standards | 0.778 | −0.128 | 0.215 | 0.153 |
|
| 0.132 |
| Geological conditions of actual construction is inconsistent with geological conditions of survey and design | 0.778 | 0.333 | 0.116 |
|
|
| 0.131 |
| Complex investment process and administrative procedures |
| 0.857 | 0.166 | 0.175 |
|
|
|
| Improper bidding method and evaluation index |
| 0.844 | 0.165 | 0.191 | 0.142 |
|
|
| Inaccurate tender offer |
| 0.840 | 0.139 | 0.120 | 0.145 |
|
|
| Selection of subcontractor is not reasonable |
| 0.732 | 0.142 |
| 0.204 |
|
|
| Owners’ financial difficulties | 0.119 | 0.112 | 0.825 | 0.141 |
|
| 0.118 |
| Slow payment settlement of completed work | 0.117 | 0.152 | 0.817 |
|
|
|
|
| Unreasonable use and allocation of funds |
| 0.118 | 0.804 | 0.247 |
| 0.127 |
|
| Improper management contracts, which are easy to cause the contract dispute | 0.218 | 0.271 | 0.657 |
|
|
| 0.155 |
| Contractors’ financial difficulties | 0.147 | 0.185 | 0.113 | 0.845 |
|
|
|
| Poor ability of construction and management of contractor | 0.149 | 0.246 | 0.135 | 0.815 |
|
|
|
| Poor construction ability of sub-contractor | 0.118 |
| 0.140 | 0.811 |
|
| 0.165 |
| Failure of land expropriation |
| 0.243 |
| 0.110 | 0.836 |
|
|
| Policy changes of land requisition compensation | 0.119 |
|
|
| 0.830 | 0.179 |
|
| Difficult relationship with local government | 0.181 | 0.132 |
|
| 0.798 |
| 0.119 |
| Price fluctuation of construction material |
|
|
| 0.106 |
| 0.857 |
|
| Increasing of loan interest rate | −0.115 | 0.148 |
|
|
| 0.836 |
|
| Appreciation of exchange rate |
|
|
|
| 0.219 | 0.753 | −0.222 |
| Acceptance of work completed is slow | 0.189 |
|
|
|
|
| 0.858 |
| Supervising personnel lack sense of responsibility | 0.253 |
| 0.142 | 0.126 |
|
| 0.836 |
| Eigenvalues | 6.029 | 3.695 | 2.167 | 1.837 | 1.657 | 1.392 | 1.165 |
| Variance explained % | 25.120 | 15.396 | 9.028 | 7.654 | 6.905 | 5.800 | 4.852 |
| Cumulative Variance explained % | 25.120 | 40.616 | 49.544 | 57.198 | 64.104 | 69.904 | 74.756 |
| Cronbach’s Alpha | 0.905 | 0.879 | 0.828 | 0.841 | 0.810 | 0.762 | 0.768 |