| Mili-Q water (Volume in ml for the nanoparticles and PVP) | PVP (% of mass and mass in grams) | Bentonite (% of mass and mass in grams) | Vanadium pentoxide (% of mass and mass in grams) | Vanadium (IV) oxide sulphate hydrate (% of mass and mass in grams) |
| 15 ml/85ml | 97.8%/4.89g | 2%/0.10g | 0.1%/0.005g | 0.1%/0.005g |