Lignocellulosic material | Lignin (%) | Hemicellulose (%) | Cellulose (%) | References |
Bamboo | 21 - 31 | 15 - 26 | 26 - 43 | [3] [16] |
Banana waste | 14 | 14.8 | 13.2 | [3] |
Barley straw | 14 - 15 | 24 - 29 | 31 - 34 | [15] [16] |
Bast fibre jute | 21 - 26 | 18 - 21 | 45 - 53 | [3] [16] |
Bast fibre kenaf | 15 - 19 | 22 - 23 | 31 - 39 | [3] [16] |
Black gram residue | 23.14 | 32.48 | 26.80 | [17] |
Coastal Bermuda grass | 6.4 | 35.7 | 25 | [5] [18] |
19.4 | 13.3 | 47.8 | [14] | |
Coconut coir | 18 | 26 | 48 | [19] |
Corn cob | 15 | 35 | 45 | [3] [5] [18] |
4.5 - 6.6 | 38 - 42 | 35 | [13] | |
Corn stalks | 17 | 24 | 43 | [19] |
Corn stover | 18 | 22 | 40 | [20] |
18 | 20.5 | 41.7 | [21] | |
Cotton gin waste | - | 16 | 78 | [19] |
Elephant grass | 24 | 24 | 22 | [3] |
Esparto grass | 17 - 19 | 27 - 32 | 33 - 38 | [3] [16] |
Flax straw | 22 | 27 | 29 | [15] |
Grasses (average) | 10 - 30 | 25 - 50 | 25 - 40 | [6] |
Hardwood stem | 18 - 25 | 24 - 40 | 40 - 55 | [3] [5] [6] [18] |
Leaves | 0 | 80 - 85 | 15 - 20 | [5] [18] |
Millet husk | 14 | 27 | 33 | [19] |
Newspaper | 18 - 30 | 25 - 40 | 40 - 55 | [5] [18] |
Nut shells | 30 - 40 | 25 - 30 | 25 - 30 | [5] [18] |
Oat straw | 16 - 19 | 27 - 38 | 31 - 37 | [3] [16] |
Orchard grass (medium maturity) | 4.7 | 40 | 32 | [3] [5] |
Pinewood | 20 | 24 | 39 | [10] |
Poplar wood | 26 | 17 | 35 | [22] |
Rice husk | 14 | 24 | 31 | [19] |
Rice straw | 18 | 24 | 32.1 | [3] [5] [14] [18] |
Rye straw | 16 - 19 | 27 - 30 | 33 - 35 | [3] [16] |
Sabai grass | 20.88 | 23.72 | 49.90 | [23] |
Softwood stem | 25 - 35 | 25 - 35 | 45 - 50 | [3] [5] [6] |
Sugarcane bagasse | 19 - 24 | 27 - 32 | 32 - 44 | [16] [19] |
18.4 | 26.9 | 38.1 | [24] | |
24 | 25 | 43 | [21] | |
Sugarcane tops | 36.1 | 24.2 | 33.3 | [25] |
Sunhemp residue | 17.4 - 18.4 | 11.9 - 13 | 43.4 - 48 | [26] |
Sweet sorghum bagasse | 18 | 25 | 45 | [22] |
Switchgrass | 12 | 31 | 45 | [3] |
18 | 22 | 31 | [21] | |
Timothy grass | 18 | 30 | 34 | [10] |
Waste papers from chemical pulps | 5 - 10 | 10 - 20 | 60 - 70 | [5] [18] |
Wheat bran | 3 - 10 | 22 - 25 | 7 - 11 | [27] |
Wheat straw | 16 - 21 | 26 - 32 | 29 - 35 | [5] |
7.7 | 30.8 | 41.3 | [12] | |
15 | 50 | 30 | [5] | |
17 | 23 | 33 | [21] | |
14.5 | 24.8 | 36 | [24] |