| Model comparison | Test | Statistic | Probability |
| Pooled versus fixed | F test that all ui = 0 | F (10, 424) = 142.94 | Prob > F = 0.0000 |
| Pooled versus random | Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test | chibar2(01) = 3344.54 | Prob > chibar2 = 0.0000 |
| Fixed versus random | Hausman Test | chi2(5) = (b − B)'[(Vb − VB)(−1)](b − B) = 19.83 | Prob > chi2 = 0.0013 |