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| Botswana | Zambia |
| 1 | The structural transformation of the economy | The structural transformation of the economy |
| a | The gradual agricultural transformation process that supports the growth of secondary sectors. Botswana’s agriculture share of GDP has only reduced by 0.87% in 2009-2019. | Rapid reduction of agriculture shares of GDP. Zambia could learn from Botswana by increasing investment in agriculture to ensure complete agriculture transformation. Zambia’s agriculture share to GDP has reduced by 8.81% in the period 2009 to 2019. |
| 2 | Management of mineral resources | Management of mineral resources |
| a | Economic diversification | Strengthen the agenda for economic diversification through national development plans |
| b | Delink Expenditure from Revenue | Although mineral resources are near depletion, learn from Botswana to de-link expenditure from mineral revenue |
| c | Invest surplus revenue for use by a future generation | Like Botswana, invest surplus revenue from mineral resources for use by future generations |
| 3 | Economic systems | Economic systems |
| a | Since independence, Botswana adopted a free market economy. | Although a free market economy currently governs Zambia, much could have been gained if this system was adopted right from independence. Much was lost in the 1970s when the state opted for state control. |