Estimated equation

Computed F-stat for :

Algeria

Egypt

South Africa

CO₂ = f(gdpc, pener, urb, trad)

7.506***

4.510*

3.791*

CO₂ = f(gdpc, coal, urb, trad)

13.00***

7.996***

3.959*

CO₂ = f(gdpc, oil, urb, trad)

9.12***

6.415***

2.65^inc

CO₂ = f(gdpc, elec, urb, trad)

10.527***

3.926^inc

6.027***

CO₂ = f(gdpc, natgas, urb, trad)

9.929***

7.166***

4.056^inc

Critical bound values

Lower bound

Upper bound

1%

3.74

5.06

5%

2.86

4.01

10%

2.45

3.52