(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

VARIABLES

Total tax/

GDP

Total tax/

GDP

Direct tax/GDP

Direct tax/GDP

Indirect tax/GDP

Indirect tax/GDP

Trade taxes/GDP

Trade taxes/GDP

FMOL

DOLS

FMOL

DOLS

FMOL

DOLS

FMOL

DOLS

Urban Population

0.0329

−0.00408

0.00159

0.0156

−0.0024

−0.0361

0.0493

0.0704

(0.0385)

(0.0647)

(0.0408)

(0.0702)

(0.0227)

(0.0411)

(0.0333)

(0.0700)

GDP per capita

2.290*

2.183*

1.393*

1.805*

0.769*

0.765**

−0.576*

−1.113**

(0.233)

(0.505)

(0.247)

(0.549)

(0.138)

(0.321)

(0.202)

(0.547)

Debt/GNI

−0.0851

−0.179

−0.0119

0.130

−0.0961**

0.0224

0.172*

0.149

(0.0647)

(0.181)

(0.0685)

(0.197)

(0.0382)

(0.115)

(0.0561)

(0.196)

Foreign aid

0.172

0.756***

−0.0226

−0.0769

0.00766

0.0388

0.211

0.579

(0.232)

(0.426)

(0.246)

(0.463)

(0.137)

(0.271)

(0.201)

(0.461)

Exchange rate

−0.22***

−0.511***

−0.385*

−0.492

−0.129***

−0.118

0.613*

0.871*

(0.126)

(0.277)

(0.133)

(0.300)

(0.0744)

(0.176)

(0.109)

(0.299)

Trade ratio to GDP

0.0390*

0.0513***

0.028*

0.010*

0.0268*

0.0396**

0.016*

0.015*

(0.0109)

(0.0274)

(0.008)

(0.006)

(0.00646)

(0.0174)

(0.007)

(0.006)

Inflation

−0.0140

0.00407

−0.0155

−0.0142

−0.0106

−0.00652

0.007

0.067

(0.0127)

(0.0445)

(0.0135)

(0.0483)

(0.00750)

(0.0283)

(0.011)

(0.048)

Agriculture

−0.095*

−0.0691

−0.0676*

−0.105***

−0.0374*

−0.0438

−0.0221

−0.0523

(0.0205)

(0.0528)

(0.0217)

(0.0574)

(0.0121)

(0.0336)

(0.0177)

(0.0572)

Government effectiveness

−3.606*

−4.571**

−0.870

−0.186

−0.566

−0.0779

−0.431

0.657

(0.803)

(1.832)

(0.851)

(1.990)

(0.474)

(1.163)

(0.696)

(1.983)

Rule of law

−0.846

−0.205

−0.851

−0.699

0.100

−0.286

−0.411

−2.327

(0.801)

(1.768)

(0.849)

(1.921)

(0.473)

(1.123)

(0.694)

(1.913)

Political Stability

0.286

0.625

−0.0123

−0.281

−0.162

0.220

−0.112

0.533

(0.355)

(0.837)

(0.376)

(0.909)

(0.210)

(0.532)

(0.308)

(0.906)

Regulatory Quality

1.585*

2.365**

−0.146

−1.356

−0.417

−0.626

1.196*

1.944*

(0.482)

(1.056)

(0.511)

(1.148)

(0.285)

(0.671)

(0.418)

(1.143)

Control of corruption

1.419*

1.709**

0.554

0.701

0.777*

0.722

−0.0427

−0.478

Inflation

(0.352)

(0.723)

(0.372)

(0.786)

(0.208)

(0.459)

(0.305)

(0.783)

R-squared

0.843

0.966

0.615

0.912

0.686

0.906

0.555

0.781