12 lower scales	Elite players		Collegiate players	t-value
12 lower scales	M	SD	M	t-value
1) Patience	14.90	3.01	14.61	0.60
2) Aggressiveness	15.54	3.52	16.29	−1.34
3) Volition for self-realization	15.31	2.99	16.26	−1.99
4) Volition for winning	13.77	2.69	15.93	−5.02**
5) Self-control	15.74	3.33	13.93	3.40**
6) Ability to relax	14.87	3.84	12.47	3.91**
7) Concentration	16.21	3.28	14.47	3.31**
8) Confidence	12.87	3.02	11.86	2.09*
9) Decision	13.18	2.34	12.22	2.56*
10) Predictive ability	12.62	2.37	12.29	0.86
11) Judgement	12.72	3.13	11.92	1.59
12) Cooperation	16.41	2.35	16.38	0.08
5 factors
Volition for competition	59.51	8.63	63.10	−2.60*
Mental stability and concentration	46.82	9.35	40.88	3.97**
Confidence	26.05	4.93	24.08	2.50*
Strategic ability	25.33	4.79	24.21	1.47
Cooperation	16.41	2.35	16.38	0.08
Total points	174.13	18.63	168.64	1.84