Reprimand

3.90 (1.64)

4.43 (1.61)

0.92

Discomfort

1.84 (0.96)

3.06 (2)

2.19*

0.78

Fathers’ conversations (n = 16)

QCPEE

2.33 (0.29)

2.20 (0.82)

−0.57

Joy-related terms

5.53 (3.33)

3.75 (4.71)

−1.15

Anger-related terms

4.27 (2.58)

2.92 (3.26)

−1.20

Sadness-related terms

2 (1.73)

2.25 (2.83)

0.28

Fear-related terms

1.42 (1.24)

1.33 (2.53)

−0.10

Emotion-related verbs

2.07 (1.68)

1.17 (1.89)

−1.29