Q

L

P

Magnitude

Carbon flux (MgC·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹)

NEP

0.9

0.5

3.2

P > Q > L

NPP

4.6

3.2

5.3

P > Q > L

ΔB

2.3

1.6

3.1

P > Q > L

LF

2.3

1.6

2.2

Q > P > L

HR

4.1

2.3

2.1

Q > L > P

HR_stan

3.9

2.7

2.1

Q > L > P

Factors to carbon flux

NPP factor

Leaf biomass

P > Q > L

Photosynthetic activity

L > Q > P

Length of photosynthesis period

P > Q ≒ L

HR factor

Soil temperature

Q > P > L

Amount of litter (respiration substrate)

Q > P > L

Litter properties (lability of decomposition)

Q > L > P