Lower bound

Higher bound

Average

% of GDP

Ambient air pollution

Mortality

420

1,149

784

0.71

Morbidity

42

115

78

0.07

Sub-total (ambient)

462

1,264

863

0.79

Household air pollution

Mortality

248

271

259

0.24

Morbidity

25

27

26

0.02

Sub-total (household)

273

298

285

0.26

Total health cost

734

1,562

1,148

1.05