Specifications

Locations

Embodied energy (kJ/kWh)

Renewable energy

Environmental impact

Source

3000 kW wind

turbine

Land (85 m)

-

5001/yr

195,000 pt

Angelakoglou et al. [14]

Coastal (95 m)

-

10,989/yr

301,000 pt

Offshore (105 m)

-

15,519/yr

452,000 pt

5 MW wind farm

Offshore

175.49

12,500 MWh/yr

16.5 g CO2e/kWh

Schleisner [15]

9 MW wind farm

Onshore

118.08

19,800 MWh/yr

9.7 g CO2e/kWh

186 × 1.65 MW

Onshore

-

1073 × 103 MWh/year

8.21 g CO2e/kWh

Wang and Sun [16]

100 × 3 MW

Offshore

1423 × 103 MWh/year

5.98 g CO2e/kWh

100 × 3 MW

Onshore

789 × 103 MWh/year

4.97 g CO2e/kWh

116 × 850 kW

Onshore

198 × 103 MWh/year

0.19 - 0.28 g CO2e/kWh