Parameter

Embodied energy (kJ/kWh)

Energy output (MWh/yr)

CO₂

Kg

SO₄

gm

Environmental impact (g CO₂e/kWh)

Source

Vertical axis wind turbine

19382

0.539

0.24

9.55

5400

Uddin and Kumar [12]

Horizontal axis wind turbine

18280.8

1.782

0.08

3.39

1800