Specifications | Scenarios | Embodied energy (kJ/kWh) | Energy output (MWh/yr) | EPBT yr | Environmental impact | Source |
2 MW wind turbine | Nacelle, rotor, tower | - | 4000 | 0.40 | 2356 pt GWP avoided | Martinez et al. [10] |
Nacelle, rotor, tower, foundation | - | 4000 | 0.40 | 2615 pt GWP avoided | ||
2 MW wind turbine | Reduction by half of the recycling | - | - | - | Approximate. 11, 500 point increase | Martinez et al. [11] |
2 MW geared turbine | BCRS | - | - | 0.69 | 9.78 g CO2e/kWh | Guezuraga et al. [9] |
WCRS | 207.99 | 5980 (2990 h) | 1.15 | 17.35 g CO2e/kWh | ||
WCRS and WCOS | 358.44 | 3470 (1738 h) | 1.99 | 29.48 g CO2e/kWh | ||
Vertical axis | 100% reuse | 0.00927 | 0.539
| - | 6.3079 g CO2e/kWh | Uddin and Kumar [12] |
90% reuse | 0.01763 | 5.7514 g CO2e/kWh | ||||
80% reuse | 0.02597 | 5.1948 g CO2e/kWh | ||||
Horizontal axis | 100% reuse | 0.002245 | 1.782 | - | 1.7677 g CO2e/kWh (avoided) | |
90% reuse | 0.0030864 | 1.6554 g CO2e/kWh (avoided) | ||||
80% reuse | 0.0035476 | 1.54320 g CO2e/kWh (avoided) |