Specifications

Scenarios

Embodied energy (kJ/kWh)

Energy output (MWh/yr)

EPBT

yr

Environmental impact

Source

2 MW wind turbine

Nacelle, rotor, tower

-

4000

0.40

2356 pt GWP avoided

Martinez et al. [10]

Nacelle, rotor, tower, foundation

-

4000

0.40

2615 pt GWP avoided

2 MW wind turbine

Reduction by half of the recycling

-

-

-

Approximate. 11, 500 point increase

Martinez et al. [11]

2 MW geared turbine

BCRS

-

-

0.69

9.78 g CO2e/kWh

Guezuraga et al. [9]

WCRS

207.99

5980

(2990 h)

1.15

17.35 g CO2e/kWh

WCRS and WCOS

358.44

3470

(1738 h)

1.99

29.48 g CO2e/kWh

Vertical axis

100% reuse

0.00927

0.539

-

6.3079 g CO2e/kWh

Uddin and Kumar [12]

90% reuse

0.01763

5.7514 g CO2e/kWh

80% reuse

0.02597

5.1948 g CO2e/kWh

Horizontal axis

100% reuse

0.002245

1.782

-

1.7677 g CO2e/kWh (avoided)

90% reuse

0.0030864

1.6554 g CO2e/kWh (avoided)

80% reuse

0.0035476

1.54320 g CO2e/kWh (avoided)