Initial target

Initial function (Artificial exhaust heat volume calculated formula) Q_α, Q_β [J]

Moving target

Q_α = road length L [km] × number of vehicles by model M [number] × waste heat coefficient by model/speed C_v [J/(km∙number)]

Stationary target

Q_β = (road length L [km] × road width W [km] × road surface waste heat coefficient C_lw [J/km²]) + (number of traffic signals S [number] × traffic signal waste heat coefficient C_s [J/number])