Theme

Subtheme

1.

Prevailing culture which inhibits/facilitates SDL

Respecting wiser individuals

The value of face

2.

SDL as a balance in learning

Freedom

Taking responsibility

Having choices

Being in control

Decision-making

Sharing power

3.

SDL as a social, interdependent process

SDL as learning for your “self”

SDL as learning on your own

SDL as learning with others: the concept of a learning project

The need for a guide from the educator (Ta’lim)

4.

SDL as a dynamic developmental process

SDL as the “wanting” to learn phenomenon