Parameters

Single-effect evaporation coupled with

distillation process

Double-effect evaporation coupled with distillation process

Three-effect evaporation coupled with

distillation process

Three-effect evaporation coupled with MVR heat pump distillation process

Three-effect evaporation coupled with MVR heat integration process

Annual operating cost (10⁵$/y)

50.17

32.24

27.37

24.13

18.74

Equipment

depreciation cost (10⁵$/y)

0.59

0.85

1.03

2.53

2.29

TAC (10⁵$/y)

50.76

33.39

28.40

26.66

21.03

energy cost/t∙a⁻¹

1083.11

674.84

535.92

484.52

202.28

Save energy/%

-

37.70

50.53

55.27

81.32

Save TAC/%

-

34.22

44.05

47.49

58.55