68

Kumar et al.

(2010) [124]

Filtered aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini leaf (LE) and seed (SE) powder

1 mM, 24 hr, room temp.

10% (v/v),

Static,

20 min, 12k rpm

UV-Vis

FTIR

SEM

AFM

Size―LE: 30nm, Water content of LE: 29 nm, SE: 92 nm, Water content of LE: 73nm.

SE have higher synthesis rates and larger size AgNP compared to LE.

69

Dubey et al.

(2010) [79]

Filtered aqueous extract of Tanaetum vulgare fruit.

1 - 3 mM, 10 min - 5hr, 25˚C - 150˚C,

0.5 - 4.8 ml/50 ml,

pH: 2 - 10,

Static

UV-Vis

FTIR

TEM

XRD

EDAX

Size―10 - 40 nm

Shape―sph.

Structure―FCC

AgNP more stable in basic compared to acidic medium

70

Shukla et al.

(2010) [37]

Filtered aqueous extract of Piper nigrum (black pepper)

10 mM, room temp.

1 ml/100 ml,

Stirred,

10 min at 3000 rpm

UV-Vis

TEM

XRD

Size―20 - 50 nm

Shape―sph.

Structure―FCC

Nature―large grain, WD, uniform and polycrystalline

71

Krishnaraj et al. (2010) [125]

Aqueous filtrate of Acalypha indica leaf

1 mM, 30 min, 37˚C, dark 12 ml/100 ml,

Static,

30 min at 75000 g

UV-Vis

SEM

TEM

EDS

XRD

Size―20 - 30 nm

Structure―cub

Antimicrobial against water borne pathogens E. coli and Vibrio cholera

72

Satish kumar et al.

(2009) [38]

Aqueous bark and powder extracts of Cinnamon zeylanicum plant

1 mM, 25˚C,

1 to 5 ml/50 ml,

Powder content: 0.1 to 1 g/50 ml,

pH: 1 - 11,

Shaken

UV-Vis

TEM

XRD

EDX

Size―powder: 31 nm, Extract: 40 nm

Shape―quasi sph and R, Structure― cub and hex Nature―bi-phasic

Stable for 3 months,

Served as antimicrobial agents

73

Tripathi et al. (2009) [34]

Aqueous filtrate of Azadirachta indica leaves

10 mM, 24 hr, 28˚C,

1:4. 15 min at 10,000 rpm Shaken

UV-Vis

TEM

SEM

FTIR

Size―50 - 100 nm

Shape―irregular

Nature―PD

AgNPs loaded on cotton disks shown antibacterial activity.

74

Leela and Vivekanandan. (2008) [126]

Aqueous extract of Helianthus annus plant

UV-Vis

XRD

SEM

Structure-cryst

75

Chandran et al. (2006) [30]

Aqueous extract of Aloe vera leaf

1 mM, 24 hr, room temp. 5 ml/5 ml,

Static

UV-Vis

XRD

TEM

Size―15.2 ± 4.2 nm

Shape―sph.

Structure―FCC

76

Ankamwar et al. (2005) [35]

Emblica Officinalis fruit extract

UV-Vis

TEM

Size―10 - 20 nm

Transmetallation reaction promoted the AgNPs synthesis

77

Shankar et al. (2004) [127]

Decanted aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica leaf

1 mM, 24 hr

5 ml/45 ml,

15 min at 10000 rpm.

Static

UV-Vis

XRD

TEM

FTIR

Size―5 - 35 nm

Shape―Sph

Structure―cryst

Nature―PD

AgNPs stable for 4 weeks

78

Shankar et al. (2003) [42]

Decanted aqueous broth of Pelargonium graveolens leaf

1 mM, 24 hr

5 ml/100 ml,

15 min at 10000 rpm.

Static

UV-Vis

XRD

FTIR

TEM

EDAX

Size―16 - 20 nm.

Shape―nearly sph

Structure―FCC

Nature―PD

Chlorophyll of leaf extract formed 5 nm capping around the AgNP.

Fungi

79

Das et al.

(2012) [76]

Mycelia of Rhizopus oryzae

1 to 5 mM, 72 hr, 30˚C,

0.2 g/25 ml.

pH―2 to 8,

Shaken

UV-Vis

FTIR

HRTEM

EDAX

Size―~15 nm

Shape―sph.

Structure―FCC

Stable for 3 months, Antimicrobial to E. coli and B. subtilis, Used for treating contaminated water

and adsorption of pesticides

80

Naveen et al (2010) [128]

Aqueous cell filtrate of Penicillium Sp. fungi

1 mM, 24 hr, room temp, dark 50 ml/50 ml, Agitated,

Lyophilized

UV-Vis

FTIR

AFM

Size―52 - 104 nm

81

Balaji et al (2009) [129]

Cladosporium clado sporioides fungal aqueous filtrate

78 h, 27˚C. 10 ml,

Shaken

UV-Vis

TEM

XRD

FTIR

Size―Avg: 35 nm

Shape―Sph.

Structure―FCC

Nature―PD

82

Shaligram et al (2009) [130]

Penicillium brevicompatum WA 2315 fungal aqueous filtrate

1 mM, 72 hr, 25˚C,

Shaken

UV-Vis

FTIR

TEM

XRD

Size―58.35 ± 17.8 nm

Structure―FCC

83

Fayaz et al. (2009) [82]

Harvested cell aqueous filtrate of Trichoderma viride fungus

1 mM, dark, 10˚C - 40˚C.

Shaken.

UV-Vis

XRD

TEM

FTIR

10˚C: 2 - 4 nm, sph. 27˚C: 10 - 40 nm, sph. 40˚C: 80 - 100 nm, Plate like, Structure: Cryst, Nature: MD

Increase in temperature led to blue shift in UV-Vis peak, decreased size and increased dispersity

84

Kathiresan et al. (2009) [131]

Aqueous Cell filtrate of Penicillum fellutanum fungus

0.5 - 2.5 mM, 0 - 48 hr, 0˚C - 40˚C, dark,

pH: 5 - 7.5.

Salinity-1% - 5% NaCl,

Shaken

UV-Vis

TEM

Size―5 -2 5 nm

Shape―Sph.

(NH4)2SO4 solid used for precipitation and phosphate buffer (pH-8) for dissolution of nanoparticles

85

Ingle et al (2009) [57]

Aqueous cell filtrate of Fusarium solani fungus

1mM, room temp.

Static,

10 min, 10000 g

UV-Vis

FTIR

TEM

Size―5 - 35 nm

Shape―Sph.

86

Basavaraja et al (2008) [132]

Aqueous filtrate of Fusarium semitetum fungus

1 mM, 48 hr, 27˚C,

Shaken

UV-Vis

XRD

TEM

FTIR

Size―10 - 60 nm

Shape―Sph.

Structure―cryst

Nature―PD

AgNP stable for 6 - 8 weeks