Cases

Conditions

Bounds

5th case sparse matrix

| a 0 | + + | a 3 | < 1

| λ | 1

Cauchy

.

| λ | 1.04

Montel

. 1

| λ | 1

Carmichel-Mason

. 2

| λ | 1.0027462291

Ovals of Cassini

γ , δ

| λ | 1.04

Dehmer

M 1 , ϕ 2

| λ | 1.05