Cases

Conditions

Bounds

5th case sparse matrix

| a 0 | + + | a 3 | < 1

| λ | 32

Cauchy

.

| λ | 32

Montel

. 1

| λ | 121

Carmichel-Mason

. 2

| λ | 57.1139212

Ovals of Cassini

γ , δ

| λ | 32

Dehmer

M 1 , ϕ 2

| λ | 12.66