Cases

Conditions

Bounds

1st case of sparse matrix

| a 0 | = 5 > 1

| λ | 5

Cauchy

.

| λ | 5

Montel

. 1

| λ | 15

Carmichel-Mason

. 2

| λ | 7.48

Ovals of Cassini

γ , δ

| λ | 5

Dehmer

M 1 , ϕ 2

| λ | 5.19