Variable

Item

DNA fragmentation index <25%

DNA fragmentation index ≥25%

t-test

P-value

All

Freq.

%

Fertilization rate

Freq.

%

Fertilization rate

Fertilization rate

Had IVF

Had IVF

Had IVF

Freq.

%

Mean

± sd

Freq.

%

Mean

± sd

Freq.

%

Mean

± sd

All

39

41.0

17

43.6

77.2

21.8

56

59.0

21

37.5

78.2

20.7

−0.14

0.44

38

40.0

77.8

20.9

Age (yrs.)

<40

15

38.5

8

47.1

88.6

12.3

24

42.9

12

57.1

83.2

13.9

0.91

0.19

20

52.6

85.3

13.2

≥40

24

61.5

9

52.9

67.1

24.0

32

57.1

9

42.9

71.5

26.9

−0.37

0.36

18

47.4

69.3

24.8

t-test (P-value)

2.14 (0.03)

1.19 (0.13)

-

2.44 (0.01)

BMI (kg/m²)

18.5 - 24.9

15

38.5

7

41.2

75.0

26.8

14

25.0

7

33.3

85.5

14.2

−0.92

0.19

14

36.8

80.2

21.3

25.0 - 29.9

16

41.0

7

41.2

77.8

22.9

23

41.1

8

38.1

74.5

17.7

0.30

0.38

15

39.5

76.0

19.6

≥30

8

20.5

3

17.6

81.2

6.3

19

33.9

6

28.6

74.5

30.4

0.52

0.31

9

23.7

76.8

24.5

F-test (P-value)

0.08 (0.92)

-

0.63 (0.55)

-

0.15 (0.86)

Frequency of ejaculation (/month)

1 - 5

5

12.8

1

5.9

33.3

0.0

14

25.0

7

33.3

80.0

20.6

-

-

8

21.1

74.2

25.2

6 - 10

16

41.0

5

29.4

73.1

22.5

13

232

6

28.6

80.9

19.3

−0.61

0.28

11

28.9

77.3

20.1

11 - 15

12

30..8

9

52.9

79.4

17.7

22

39.3

7

33.3

81.6

14.2

−0.28

0.39

16

42.1

80.4

15.8

16 - 20

6

15.4

2

11.8

100.0

0.0

7

12.5

1

4.8

25.0

0.0

-

-

3

7.9

75.0

43.3

F-test (P-value)

2.97 (0.07)

3.00 (0.05)

-

0.17 (0.92)

Social habits

Smoking

Never

34

87.2

14

88.2

77.3

22.1

47

84.0

21

100.0

78.2

20.7

−0.10

0.46

35

92.1

77.8

21.0

Ever

5

12.8

3

11.8

77.1

25.3

9

16.0

0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

3

7.9

77.1

25.2

t-test (P-value)

0.01 (0.50)

-

-

-

0.05 (0.48)

Alcohol intake

Never

14

35.9

5

29.4

75.6

25.0

22

39.3

11

52.4

83.0

22.6

−0.57

0.29

16

42.1

80.7

22.8

Ever

25

64.1

12

70.6

78.0

21.5

34

60.7

10

47.6

72.9

18.2

0.60

0.28

22

57.9

75.7

19.8

t-test (P-value)

-0.19 (0.43)

-

1.3 (0.14)

0.70 (0.24)

#Smoking and alcohol

Never

16

69.6

4

66.7

82.0

23.7

25

64.1

11

100.0

83.0

22.6

−0.07

0.47

15

88.2

82.7

22.0

Ever

7

30.4

2

33.3

90.6

13.3

14

35.9

0

0

0

0

-

-

2

11.8

90.6

13.3

t-test (P-value)

−0.57 (0.30)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

−0.72 (0.28)

Herbal medication use

Never

28

71.8

12

70.6

79.3

18.7

37

66.1

14

66.7

82.5

16.5

−0.46

0.33

26

68.4

81.1

17.3

Ever

11

28.2

5

29.4

72.2

29.9

19

33.9

7

33.3

69.4

26.6

0.17

0.44

12

31.6

70.6

26.7

t-test (P-value)

0.49 (0.32)

-

1.19 (0.13)

-

1.25 (0.16)