all patients

FL[−] Caucasian

FL[+] Caucasian

P1

FL[−] African

FL[+] African

P2

n

568

141

374

~

34

19

~

body mass index

kg∙m⁻²

29.1 (5.7)

26.1 (5.1)

30.4 (5.6)

<0.0001

26.7 (3.6)

29.6 (4.5)

0.0220

skeletal muscle mass

%

30.5 (4.6)

31.6 (4.9)

30.2 (4.4)

0.0033

30.3 (5.4)

29.5 (5.7)

NS

fat mass

%

32 (9)

29 (9)

33 (9)

<0.0001

32 (10)

34 (10)

NS

visceral fat

0 - 30

13 (5)

11 (5)

14 (4)

<0.0001

11 (3)

11 (4)

NS

waist circumference

cm

104 (14)

97 (14)

107 (13)

<0.0001

93 (10)

101 (11)

0.0130

waist∙height⁻¹

0.61 (0.08)

0.57 (0.08)

0.63 (0.08)

<0.0001

0.55 (0.06)

0.59 (0.05)

0.0129

neck circumference

cm

40 (4)

38 (4)

41 (3)

<0.0001

38 (3)

39 (3)

NS

sleep apnoea syndrome

%

17

9

22

0.0002

3

6

NS

metabolic syndrome

%

86

70

94

<0.0001

71

74

NS

score 0 - 5

3.8 (1.1)

3.3 (1.2)

4.1 (1.0)

<0.0001

3.0 (1.0)

3.4 (1.3)

NS

insulin sensitivity

%

51 (37)

74 (48)

41 (27)

<0.0001

71 (45)

43 (17)

0.0022

fasting insulinaemia

pmol∙L⁻¹

123 (84)

87 (66)

139 (89)

<0.0001

93 (61)

124 (52)

NS

hyperbolic product [B × S]

%

27 (18)

32 (20)

24 (15)

<0.0001

40 (26)

39 (19)

NS

[B × S] loss rate

%∙year⁻¹

1.31 (0.50)

1.21 (0.52)

1.37 (0.47)

0.0016

1.19 (0.52)

1.33 (0.61)

NS

HbA_1c

%

7.5 (1.4)

7.5 (1.4)

7.6 (1.4)

NS

7.5 (2.0)

7.0 (1.4)

NS

hyperglycemia index

%∙year⁻¹

29 (36)

28 (42)

31 (33)

NS

30 (37)

12 (17)

0.0194

metformin

%

66

55

71

0.0008

61

79

NS

BCS - IBT - SGLT2-i

%

44 - 14 - 5

39 - 14 - 1

47 - 14 - 7

NS - NS - 0.0091

42 - 12 - 0

14 - 7 - 0

NS

insulin

%

52

51

54

NS

36

29

NS

IU∙day⁻¹

68 (57)

49 (29)

78 (64)

<0.0001

41 (24)

47 (30)

NS