| Performance parameter | Proposed antenna (15 step size) | Conventional antennas | Graphene based antennas | ||
| Ref. [26] | Ref. [16] | Ref. [21] | Ref. [27] | ||
| Return loss (dB) | −46.22 | −32.5 | −45 | −25.23 | −39.92 |
| VSWR | 1.00 | 1.06 | 1.00 | NR | NR |
| Gain (dB) | 10.21 | 5.4 | 8.6 | 4.83 | NR |
| Directivity (dBi) | 10.52 | NR | NR | NR | NR |