Types of pulping

Kappa number

Yield* (%)

Crystallinity index (%)

Pulp viscosity (cps)

Reducing sugars (mg/ml of black liquor)

Soda

17.38 ± 0.37

43.58 ± 0.76

43.39 ± 0.42

21.54 ± 0.19

2.27 ± 0.07

Bio-soda

16.12 ± 0.40

42.76 ± 0.68

42.30 ± 0.54

23.16 ± 0.21

1.94 ± 0.05

Ethanol-soda

16.13 ± 0.33

47.48 ± 0.72

46.21 ± 0.47

28.22 ± 0.28

1.62 ± 0.03