Material

Temperature of Pyrolysis

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350˚C

450˚C

550˚C

650˚C

Carbon (%)

SC⁽¹⁾

42.4

60.1 b⁽²⁾*

65.6 c*⁽³⁾

67.6 c*

69.4 c*

y = 50.8267 + 0.0297x

(r² = 0.917; p = 0.0001)

RH

36.1

32.8 a

48.6 b*

49.1 b*

49.5 b*

y = −71.8981 + 0.4236x + 3.9 × 10⁻⁴x²

(r² = 0.941; p < 0.0001)

PL

30.4

38.1 a*

29.8 a

35.3 a

32.6 a

ns⁽⁴⁾

SD

45.6

71.6 c*

72.4 d*

79.8 d*

84.6 d*

y = 53.9725 + 0.0463x

(r² = 0.929; p < 0.0001)

Oxygen (%)

SC

50.5

35.8 b*

30.0 b*

29.2 b*

26.7 b*

y = 44.4900 − 0.0281x

(r² = 0.892; p = 0.0009)

RH

58.6

66.1 d*

49.4 c*

49.4 c*

49.0 c*

y = 79.0567 − 0.0512x

(r² = 0.617; p < 0.0001)

PL

62.0

55.9 c

68.5 d*

61.5 d

65.1 d

y = −1.0937 + 0.2462x + 2.3 × 10⁻⁴x²

(r² = 0.471; p = 0.0129)

SD

48.4

24.3 a*

22.9 a*

16.6 a*

12.4 a*

y = 40.2542 − 0.0424x

(r² = 0.951; p < 0.0001)

Hydrogen (%)

SC

6.1

2.4 b*

2.8 a*

2.2 b*

2.5 b*

ns

RH

5.1

1.1 a*

2.0 c*

1.5 a*

1.5 a*

y = −4.3064 + 0.0237x + 2.3 × 10⁻⁵x²

(r² = 0.595; p = 0.0043)

PL

4.5

3.4 c*

1.7 a*

1.4 a*

0.9 a*

y = 12.9610 − 0.0383x + 3.1 × 10⁻⁵x²

(r² = 0.953; p = 0.0003)

SD

6.0

3.9 c*

4.1 b*

3.2 c*

2.8 b*

y = 5.6183 − 0.0042x

(r² = 0.815; p < 0.0001)